The Instrument Procedures Handbook is a technical reference for pilots operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) in the national aerospace system (NAS). Instrument flight instructors, pilots, and students will find this handbook a valuable reference tool for the Airline Transport Pilot and Instrument Knowledge Tests and Practical Test Standards. The Instrument Procedures Handbook also provides information on instrument charts and procedures including IFR take off, departure, en route, arrival, approach, and landing. This volume also includes safety information pertaining to runaway incursion, land and hold short operations, controlled flight into terrain, and human factors issues.